SD School Advanced Spanish Program 7: Subjunctive & Formal Commands. QuikNotes. The Subjunctive
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2 SD School Advanced Spanish Program 7: Subjunctive & Formal Commands QuikNotes The Subjunctive The subjunctive is a verb form that derives its name from its use in complex sentences, where it is subordinate to another verb. The subjunctive is also used to give commands. Forming the Subjunctive Regular and irregular -ar verbs form the present subjunctive with the yo stem of the present indicative tense, plus the endings -e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en. Most regular and irregular -er and -ir verbs form the present subjunctive with the yo stem of the present indicative tense, plus the endings -a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an. Examples with regular verbs: llorar comer vivir llore coma viva llores comas vivas llore coma viva lloremos comamos vivamos lloréis comáis viváis lloren coman vivan Examples with irregular verbs: tener tenga tengas tenga tengamos tengáis tengan salir salga salgas salga salgamos salgáis salgan
3 As in the present indicative tense, stem-changing verbs do not change their stems in the nosotros and vosotros forms. volar vuele vueles vuele volemos voléis vuelen poder pueda puedas pueda podamos podáis puedan Irregular subjunctive forms to be memorized: ir: haber: saber: ser: vaya, vayas, etc. haya, hayas, etc. sepa, sepas, etc. sea, seas, etc. Use of the subjunctive The subjunctive occurs in complex sentences where two parts of the sentence are joined by the conjunction que. In those cases, the subjunctive denotes an event that may or may not happen, or a situation about which an emotion has been expressed. Quiero que María venga a mi fiesta. (María may or may not come to my party). Sugiero que compres el coche. (You may or may not buy the car.) Es importante que no corras con las tijeras. (You may or may not run with the scissors.)
4 Commands Commands are verb forms used to tell someone to do something or not to do something. Formal commands Formal commands are requests issued to anyone you would address as usted and to any group you would address as ustedes: older people, people you don t know well, people in positions of authority, or anyone to whom you wish to show respect. In Latin American Spanish, formal commands are issued to any group of two or more people, regardless of their relationship to the speaker. The present subjunctive is used to issue formal commands. In a ballet class: To a group of girl scouts: Baile. (to one person) Bailen. (to the class as a whole) Vendan todas las galletas, y vayan a casa. Negative formal commands To tell someone what not to do, simply say no before the subjunctive verb form.
5 SD School Advanced Spanish Program 7: Subjunctive & Formal Commands QuikCheck Each of the following contexts calls for the subjunctive because (1) it is in a complex sentence, subordinate to another verb to which it is connected by que; and (2) it refers to an event which may or may not happen. Supply the present subjunctive of each indicated verb. 1. (dormir) Es importante que los niños muchas horas. 2. (quemar) La madre de Pepe le dice que no el tocino. 3. (discutir) No es bueno que tú de política. 4. (correr) La profesora dice a los niños que no. 5. (ir) Quieres que tu hermana a la fiesta? 6. (escribir) Los abuelos prefieren que nosotros les frecuentemente. 7. (buscar) Si no sabes una palabra en español, es posible que lo en el diccionario. 8. (ser) Un padre siempre quiere que su hijo feliz. Issue a formal command to one person in each situation: 9. (decir) la verdad siempre. 10. (hablar) en español. 11. (ir) a la oficina de información. 12. (pensar) No más. Llame a su dentista hoy.
6 SD School Advanced Spanish Program 7: Subjunctive & Formal Commands QuikCheck Answer Key 1. Es importante que los niños duerman muchas horas. 2. La madre de Pepe le dice que no queme el tocino. 3. No es bueno que tú discutas de política. 4. La profesora dice a los niños que no corran. 5. Quieres que tu hermana vaya a la fiesta? 6. Los abuelos prefieren que nosotros les escribamos frecuentemente. 7. Si no sabes una palabra en español, es posible que lo busques en el diccionario. 8. Un padre siempre quiere que su hijo sea feliz. 9. Diga la verdad siempre. 10. Hable en español. 11. Vaya a la oficina de información. 12. No piense más. Llame a su dentista hoy.
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